The electronics industry continues to strive towards a common goal – to pack more functionality into smaller form factors. For this, the industry depends on constant reductions in the size of chip of chip packages. Maintaining the tempo predicted by the famous Moore’s Law, the integrated circuit (IC) makers are constantly improving their fabrication processes and designs to fit more components into smaller footprints. However, the electronics industry is not satisfied with even that – they want more!

This has resulted in three – dimensional (3D) ICs and packages. A 3D IC is basically a stack of multiple silicon wafers and dies connected through vertical electrical connections, such as through – silicon vias (TSVs), in a way that they behave like a single device. Wikipedia defines a TSV as a “vertical electrical connection (via) passing completely through a silicon wafer or die.”

A step above, we have 3D packages, that is, interconnected stacks of two or more chips. The stacked chips may be wired together along their edges, but vertical connection using TSVs is now emerging as the more popular option since it does not add to the dimensions of the stack. There are several TSV designs and production technologies in use.

Of course, engineers are never satisfied – even as TSV is gaining popularity, next – generation technologies are already being demonstrated. One such wireless interconnect technology was described by Yasufumi Sugimori at the International Solid – State Circuit Conference 2009. The technology used coupled inductors to send signals between staked die, across a distance of 120 µm. This coupling avoids the need for TSVs, saving the cost of this wafer processing step. According to Sugimori’s estimate, the power spent communicating through the stacked chips will only be half of what is spent in today’s staked chip packages, while the area spent on communication circuits can be reduced 40 times.

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Bee’s Knees!

You would have heard this several times already – “We have just one earth; we better take good care of her!” This slogan is becoming louder as the use of information technology and its paraphernalia of gadgets and machines increases. Of the many kinds of environmental damages that our tech toys cause, the power consumed by these devices is a constant worry for the environmentalist and the common man. While the former worries about the resources being depleted to produce this power, the carbon footprint of the devices, the heat released by them, etc, the latter worries about the sky-rocketing energy bills. Adoption of alternative power sources, such as solar power, can be a welcome relief to all concerned parties.

Fortunately, researchers and device manufacturers are making reasonable headways in the field of ‘micro energy harvesting’. Macro-level energy harvesting in the form of wind-minds, hydro – electric turbines, etc, have been around for a long time. Now, the trend is towards micro-level harvesting of energy from body heat, vibrations, sunlight, wind, and so on, to scavenge micro-watts of power to run ultra-low power devices.

This positive trend can be attributed to two reasons. One, there has been considerable progress in the field of alternate energy – the constantly increasing efficiencies of solar cells is a typical example. Two, thanks to superior design and engineering, current generation electronics consume much less power and are amenable to be powered by alternate sources.

Of late, several interesting gadgets are being featured in the media – solar cells to supplement mobile phone batteries, vibration – powered sensors (that are ideal for use in automobiles and other environments where there is a lot of jolting), solar – powered wireless sensor networks, wireless and battery less switches for use in building automation, heat – or vibration – powered medical implants such as hearing aids and pacemakers that harvest bodily energy using micro – generators manufactured as micro – electro – mechanical – systems (MEMS), and so on.

In fact, an in – body micro – generator that coverts energy from the heart beat into power for implanted medical devices won the Emerging Technology Award at the Institution of Engineering and Technology’s (IET) Innovation Awards 2009 held in London, recently.

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Bee’s Knees!

Emerging technologies are those technical innovations which represent progressive developments within a field of competitive advantage. Converging technologies represent previously distinct fields which are in some way moving towards stronger inter – connection and similar goals. However, the opinion on the degree of impact, status, and economic viability of several emerging and converging technologies vary.

You would have heard enough of – 3G, wireless technologies, mobile applications, nanotechnology, clean and green technologies, cloud computing, and likes of those. Lets us take a look some newer topics such as printed electronics, through – silicon vias, energy harvesting, etc.

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Bee’s Knees!

Here is my entire computer ebook collection (254 books to be exact), perfect for starting your own collection. I tried to include up-to-date books that were not too esoteric, all properly named and dated.

The main topics are Windows (XP and Server 2003), Programming (PHP, Perl, Python, ASP, C, C++, C#, Java, VB, etc.,), *nux (Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, Unix), Networking (Wired & Wireless) and many more you can find out here.

Just copy the link and go to the tech book page as you need. Please message me with any mistakes, and I beg you to seed as long as you can handle! Thanks! And now, for the list.

1.) 10 minute guide to lotus notes mail 4.5

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

2.) 10 minute guide to Microsoft exchange 5.0

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

3.) 10 minute guide to outlook 97

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

4.) 10 minute guide to schedule+ for windows 95

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

5.) ActiveX programming unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

6.) ActiveX programming unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

7.) Advanced perl programming

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

8.) Advanced PL/SQL programming with packages

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

9.) Adventure in Prolog/AMZI

www.oopweb.com

10.) Algorithms CMSC251/Mount, David

www.oopweb.com

11.) Alison Balter’s Mastering Access 95 development, premier ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

12.) Apache : The definitive guide, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

13.) Beej’s guide to network programming/Hall, Brain

www.oopweb.com

14.) Beyond Linux from Scratch/BLFS Development Team

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/linux/Administration/Beyond_Linux_From_Scratch/

15.) Borland C++ builder unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

16.) Building an intranet with windows NT 4

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

17.) Building an Intranet with Windows NT 4

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

18.) Building expert systems in prolog/AMZI

www.oopweb.com

19.) C programming language

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/pl/C/The_C_Programming_Language_by_K&R/

20.) C Programming/Holmes, Steven

www.oopweb.com

21.) C++ Annotations

www.oopweb.com

22.) CGI developer’s guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

23.) CGI manual of style

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

24.) CGI manual of style online

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

25.) CGI programming

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

26.) CGI programming unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

27.) CGI programming with Perl, 2nd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

28.) Charlie Calvert’s Borland C++ builder unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

29.) Client/server computing, 2nd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

30.) Client-server computing, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

31.) Common LISP, the language/Steele, Guy

www.oopweb.com

32.) Compilers and compiler generators : an introduction with C++/Terry, P.D.

www.oopweb.com

33.) Complete idiot’s guide to creating HTML webpage

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

34.) Computer graphics CMSC 427/Mount, David

www.oopweb.com

35.) Configuring and troubleshooting the windows NT/95 registry

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

36.) Creating commercial websites

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

37.) Creating web applets with Java

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

38.) Crystal Reports.NET

http://www.crystalreportsbook.com/Chapters.asp

39.) Curious about the internet

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

40.) Curious about the internet?

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

41.) Dan appleman’s developing activeX components with Visual Basic 5

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

42.) Dan appleman’s developing activex components with Visual Basic 5.0

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

43.) Data structures CMSC420/Mount, David

www.oopweb.com

44.) Database developer’s guide with visual basic 4, 2nd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

45.) Database developer’s guide with Visual Basic 4, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

46.) Database developer’s guide with Visual C++ 4, 2nd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

47.) Database developer’s guide with Visual C++ 4, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

48.) Design and analysis of computer algorithms CMSC451/Mount, David

www.oopweb.com

49.) Designing implementing Microsoft internet information server

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

50.) Designing implementing Microsoft proxy server

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

51.) Developing for netscape one

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

52.) Developing intranet applications with java

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

53.) Developing personal oracle 7 for windows 95 applications

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

54.) Developing personal Oracle 7 for windows 95 applications

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

55.) Developing professional java applets

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

56.) Developing professional java applets

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

57.) DNS and BIND

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

58.) Doing objects with VB.NET and C#

http://vbwire.com/nl?6814

59.) EAI/BPM Evaluation Series: IBM WebSphere MQ Workflow v3.3.2 & EAI Suite by > Middleware Technology Evaluation Series, Phong Tran & Jeffrey Gosper

http://www.cmis.csiro.au/mte/reports/BPM_IBMwebsphereMQ332.htm

60.) Effective AWK programming

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/shell/Effective_AWK_Programming/

61.) Enterprise javabeans, 2nd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

62.) Exploring java

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

63.) GNOME/Sheets, John

www.oopweb.com

64.) Graph theory/Prof. Even

www.oopweb.com

65.) Hacking java

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

66.) How intranets work

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

67.) How intranets work

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

68.) How to program visual basic 5.0

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

69.) How to use HTML 3.2

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

70.) Html : The definitive guide

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

71.) HTML 3.2 & CGI unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

72.) HTML 3.2 and CGI professional reference edition unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

73.) HTML by example

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

74.) Internet firewall

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

75.) Intranets unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

76.) Introduction to object-oriented programming using C++/Muller, Peter

www.oopweb.com

77.) Introduction to programming using Java/Eck, David

www.oopweb.com

78.) Introduction to socket programming

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/network/An_Introduction_to_Socket_Programming/

79.) Java 1.1 unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

80.) Java 1.1 unleashed, 2nd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

81.) Java 1.1 unleashed, 3rd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

82.) Java 114 documentation

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

83.) Java AWT reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

84.) Java by example

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

85.) Java developer’s guide

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

86.) Java developer’s guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

87.) Java developer’s reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

88.) Java developer’s reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

89.) Java Distributed computing

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

90.) Java enterprise

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

91.) Java enterprise in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

92.) Java foundation classes in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

93.) Java fundamental classes reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

94.) Java in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

95.) Java in a nutshell, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

96.) Java language reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

97.) Java security

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

98.) Java servlet programming

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

99.) Java unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

100.) Java unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

101.) Java, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

102.) _JavaScript : the definitive guide

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

103.) _Javascript manual of style

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

104.) _Javascript manual of style

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

105.) Josh’s GNU Linux Guide/Joshua

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/linux/Administration/Josh’s_GNU_Linux_Guide/

106.) Late night activex

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

107.) Late night activeX

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

108.) Laura lemay’s 3D graphics in and VRML 2

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

109.) Laura lemay’s activex and _VBScript

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

110.) Laura lemay’s graphics and web page design

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

111.) Laura lemay’s guide to sizzling websites design

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

112.) Laura lemay’s _javascript 1.1

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

113.) Laura lemay’s web workshop activex and _VBScript

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

114.) Laura lemay’s web workshop Graphics web page design

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

115.) Laura lemay’s web workshop _javascript

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

116.) Learning perl

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

117.) Learning perl on win32

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

118.) Learning the kornshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

119.) Learning unix

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

120.) Learning vi

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

121.) Linux from Scratch/Beekmans, Gerard

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/linux/Administration/Linux_From_Scratch/

122.) Linux in a nutshell, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

123.) Linux kernel/Rusling, David

www.oopweb.com

124.) Linux network administrator’s guide/Dawson, Terry

www.oopweb.com

125.) Linux system administrator’s survival guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

126.) MAPI, SAPI and TAPI developer’s guide

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

127.) Mastering access 95 development

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

128.) Microsoft access 97 quick reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

129.) Microsoft access 97 quick reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

130.) Microsoft backoffice 2 unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

131.) Microsoft excel 97 quick reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

132.) Microsoft excel 97 quick reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

133.) Microsoft exchange server survival guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

134.) Microsoft frontpage unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

135.) Microsoft word 97 quick reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

136.) Microsoft word 97 quick reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

137.) Microsoft works 4.5 6-In-1

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

138.) More than 100 full-text e-books

http://www.allfreetech.com/EBookCategory.asp

139.) Ms backoffice administrator’s survival guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

140.) Ms backoffice unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

141.) Mysql and msql

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

142.) Netscape plug-ins developer’s kit

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

143.) Official gamelan java directory

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

144.) Oracle built-in packages

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

145.) Oracle PL/SQL built-in pocket reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

146.) Oracle PL/SQL language pocket reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

147.) Oracle PL/SQL programming guide to Oracle 8 features

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

148.) Oracle PL/SQL programming, 2nd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

149.) Oracle unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

150.) Oracle unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

151.) Oracle web applications PL/SQL developer’s introduction

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

152.) Patterns of enterprise application architecture/Fowler, Martin

http://www.awprofessional.com/catalog/product.asp?product_id={574D77DF-6ED2-BC5-A6A8-02E59CA7482D}

153.) PC week : the intranet advantage

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

154.) Perl 5 by example

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

155.) Perl 5 quick reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

156.) Perl 5 unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

157.) Perl 5.0 CGI web pages

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

158.) Perl cookbook

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

159.) Perl for system administration

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

160.) Perl in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

161.) Perl quick reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

162.) Peter norton’s complete guide to windows NT 4 workstations

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

163.) Presenting activex

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

164.) Presenting activex

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

165.) Presenting javabeans

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

166.) Presenting javabeans

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

167.) Programming perl

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

168.) Programming perl, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

169.) Programming the Perl DBI

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

170.) Red hat linux unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

171.) Running a perfect intranet

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

172.) Running Linux, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

173.) Sams teach yourself java 1.1 in 24 hours

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Java_1.1_Programming_in_24_Hours

174.) Sams Teach yourself java in 21 days/Lemay, Laura

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Java_in_21_Days/

175.) Sams teach yourself linux in 24 hours/Ball, Bill

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Linux_in_24%20Hours/

176.) Sams teach yourself shell programming in 24 hours

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Shell_Programming_in_24_Hours/

177.) Sams teach yourself TCP/IP in 14 days

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_TCP-IP_in_14_Days(SE)/

178.) Sed and awk

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

179 .) Sendmail

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

180.) Sendmail desktop reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

181.) Slackware linux unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

182.) Special edition using java, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

183.) Special edition using _javascript

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

184.) Special edition using _javascript

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

185.) Special edition using _Jscript

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

186.) Special edition using lotus notes and domino 4.5

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

187.) Special edition using Microsoft SQL server 6.5, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

188.) Special edition using Microsoft visual Interdev

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

189.) Special edition using perl 5 for web programming

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

190.) Special edition using perl for web programming

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

191.) Special edition using Visual Basic 4

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

192.) TCP/IP

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

193.) Teach yourself activex programming in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

194.) Teach yourself C++ in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

195.) Teach yourself C++ in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

196.) Teach yourself CGI programming with Perl 5 in a week

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

197.) Teach yourself database programming with VB5 in 21 days, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

198.) Teach yourself database programming with visual basic 5 in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

199.) Teach yourself HTML 3.2 in 24 hours

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

200.) Teach yourself HTML 3.2 in 24 hours

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

201.) Teach yourself internet game programming with java in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

202.) Teach yourself java 1.1 programming in 24 hours

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

203.) Teach yourself jave in cafe in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.tm

204.) Teach yourself Microsoft visual Interdev in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

205.) Teach yourself Microsoft visual Interdev in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

206.) Teach yourself oracle 8 in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

207.) Teach yourself perl 5 in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

208.) Teach yourself perl 5 in 21 days, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

209.) Teach yourself SQL in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

210.) Teach yourself SQL in 21 days, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

211.) Teach yourself TCP/IP in 14 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

212.) Teach yourself TCP/IP in 14 days, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

213.) Teach yourself the Internet in 24 hours

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

214.) Teach yourself the internet in 24 hours

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

215.) Teach yourself _VBScript in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

216.) Teach yourself _VBScript in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

217.) Teach yourself visual basic 5 in 24 hours

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

218.) Teach yourself Visual Basic 5 in 24 hours

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

219.) Teach yourself Visual J++ in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

220.) Teach yourself web publishing with HTML 3.2 in 14 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

221.) Teach yourself web publishing with HTML in 14 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

222.) Thinking in C++

http://www.mindview.net/Books

223.) Thinking in C++/Eckel, Bruce – Vol.I, 2nd.ed.

www.oopweb.com

224.) Thinking in C++/Eckel, Bruce – Vol.II, 2nd.ed.

www.oopweb.com

225.) Thinking in Enterprise Java

http://www.mindview.net/Books

226.) Thinking in Java, 2nd.ed.

www.oopweb.com

227.) Thinking in Java, 3rd.ed. (pdf)

http://www.mindview.net/Books

228.) Tricks of the internet gurus

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

229.) Tricks of the java programming gurus

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

230.) Unix and internet security

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

231.) Unix hints and hacks/Waingrow, Kirk

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Hints_&_Hacks/19270001..htm

232.) Unix in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

233.) Unix kornshell quick reference

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/shell/Unix_KornShell_Quick_Reference/kornShell.html

234.) Unix power tools

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

235.) Unix shell guide

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/shell/The_UNIX_Shell_Guide/

236.) Unix unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

237.) Unix unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

238.) Unix unleashed Internet Ed./Burk, Robin

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Unleashed(Internet_Edition)/fm.htm

239.) Unix unleashed, System administrator’s Edition

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Unleashed_System_Administrator’s_Edition/toc.htm

240.) Unix Unleashed/Sams Publication

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Unleashed/

241.) Upgrading PCs illustrated

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

242.) Using windows NT workstation 4.0

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

243.) _VBScript unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

244.) _Vbscript unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

245.) Visual basic 4 in 12 easy lessons

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

246.) Visual basic 4 unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

247.) Visual Basic 5 night school

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

248.) Visual basic programming in 12 easy lessons

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

249.) Visual Basic programming in 12 easy lessons

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

250.) Visual C++ 4 unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

251.) Visual C++ programming in 12 easy lessons

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

252.) Web database developer’s guide with visual basic 5

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

253.) Web database developer’s guide with visual basic 5

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

254.) Web programming desktop reference 6-in-1

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

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Bee’s Knees!

Here I give you IMEI tool which is designed to enable customers to change MTK based mobile phone IMEI numbers. It features advanced technology to enable changing by selecting only two buttons. Which makes it very quick and easy to use. It can also auto suggest and correct IMEI number and supports both single and dual SIM MTK based phone.

Setup:

• Write down current IMEI number from sticker on rear of the phone.
• Turn on your mobile phone.
• Slide to unlock screen, this will take you to phones main menu buttons.
• Plug phone into computer USB cable. A new menu will appear.
• Select com port on mobile screen.
• If drivers have not been installed then computer will prompt you to install them. When windows try to find drivers select advance and show it the .inf file that comes in the zip file or you can install driver manually.

Using IMEI tool:

• Open IMEI tool.
• Select auto search or manually open port.
• IMEI tool will automatically read current IMEI number display in small area of white box. Enter the new required IMEI number from rear of the phone sticker.
• Select “Set new IMEI on Sciphone“. Message will appear after a few seconds.
• Reset phone by disconnecting USB cable then turning off phone.

Finished. Congratulations you have now changed the IMEI number successfully. Now power on the phone then dial *#06# to verify IMEI number loaded OK. This tool is 100% tested by admin on SPICE. It works on almost every mobile.

CLICK HERE: to Download IMEI tool…

Related Posts:

• http://technologycrest.com/electronics/analysis-of-imei-numbers/
• http://technologycrest.com/uncategorized/what-is-imei/

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Bee’s Knees!

During FTP sessions, servers send and receive various numbered codes to/from FTP clients. Some codes represent errors, most others communicate the status of the connection. Below are the FTP status and error codes.

Common FTP Error Codes

Related post#

http://technologycrest.com/it/a-basic-guide-to-the-internet-www-technologycrest-com/

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Bee’s Knees!

There are many times when you try to transfer the data on your USB pen drive and you face some problems in transferring data, or when you try to format the drive it does not allows you to format the drive. This type of behavior generally happens when there is some problem with your drive, so in such a case you should better check your USB drive for errors.

Check Flash 1.10

Check Flash is a free program which allows you to check your USB drive for errors and moreover you can also determine its data writing and reading speed.

CLICK HERE: to Download…

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Bee’s Knees!

This is well written explanation about bandwidth, very useful info.

What is Bandwidth?

Most hosting companies offer a variety of bandwidth options in their plans. So exactly what is bandwidth as it relates to web hosting? Put simply, bandwidth is the amount of traffic that is allowed to occur between your web site and the rest of the internet. The amount of bandwidth a hosting company can provide is determined by their network connections, both internal to their data center and external to the public internet.

Network Connectivity

The internet, in the most simplest of terms, is a group of millions of computers connected by networks. These connections within the internet can be large or small depending upon the cabling and equipment that is used at a particular internet location. It is the size of each network connection that determines how much bandwidth is available. For example, if you use a DSL connection to connect to the internet, you have 1.54 Mega bits (Mb) of bandwidth. Bandwidth therefore is measured in bits (a single 0 or 1). Bits are grouped in bytes which form words, text, and other information that is transferred between your computer and the internet.

If you have a DSL connection to the internet, you have dedicated bandwidth between your computer and your internet provider. But your internet provider may have thousands of DSL connections to their location. All of these connection aggregate at your internet provider who then has their own dedicated connection to the internet (or multiple connections) which is much larger than your single connection. They must have enough bandwidth to serve your computing needs as well as all of their other customers. So while you have a 1.54Mb connection to your internet provider, your internet provider may have a 255Mb connection to the internet so it can accommodate your needs and up to 166 other users (255/1.54).

Traffic

A very simple analogy to use to understand bandwidth and traffic is to think of highways and cars. Bandwidth is the number of lanes on the highway and traffic is the number of cars on the highway. If you are the only car on a highway, you can travel very quickly. If you are stuck in the middle of rush hour, you may travel very slowly since all of the lanes are being used up.

Traffic is simply the number of bits that are transferred on network connections. It is easiest to understand traffic using examples. One Gigabyte is 2 to the 30th power (1,073,741,824) bytes. One gigabyte is equal to 1,024 megabytes. To put this in perspective, it takes one byte to store one character. Imagine 100 file cabinets in a building, each of these cabinets holds 1000 folders. Each folder has 100 papers. Each paper contains 100 characters – A GB is all the characters in the building. An MP3 song is about 4MB, the same song in wav format is about 40MB, a full length movie can be 800MB to 1000MB (1000MB = 1GB).

If you were to transfer this MP3 song from a web site to your computer, you would create 4MB of traffic between the web site you are downloading from and your computer. Depending upon the network connection between the web site and the internet, the transfer may occur very quickly, or it could take time if other people are also downloading files at the same time. If, for example, the web site you download from has a 10MB connection to the internet, and you are the only person accessing that web site to download your MP3, your 4MB file will be the only traffic on that web site. However, if three people are all downloading that same MP at the same time, 12MB (3 x 4MB) of traffic has been created. Because in this example, the host only has 10MB of bandwidth, someone will have to wait. The network equipment at the hosting company will cycle through each person downloading the file and transfer a small portion at a time so each person’s file transfer can take place, but the transfer for everyone downloading the file will be slower. If 100 people all came to the site and downloaded the MP3 at the same time, the transfers would be extremely slow. If the host wanted to decrease the time it took to download files simultaneously, it could increase the bandwidth of their internet connection (at a cost due to upgrading equipment).

Hosting Bandwidth

In the example above, we discussed traffic in terms of downloading an MP3 file. However, each time you visit a web site, you are creating traffic, because in order to view that web page on your computer, the web page is first downloaded to your computer (between the web site and you) which is then displayed using your browser software (Internet Explorer, Netscape, etc.) . The page itself is simply a file that creates traffic just like the MP3 file in the example above (however, a web page is usually much smaller than a music file).

A web page may be very small or large depending upon the amount of text and the number and quality of images integrated within the web page. For example, the home page for CNN.com is about 200KB (200 Kilobytes = 200,000 bytes = 1,600,000 bits). This is typically large for a web page. In comparison, Yahoo’s home page is about 70KB.

How Much Bandwidth Is Enough?

It depends (don’t you hate that answer). But in truth, it does. Since bandwidth is a significant determinant of hosting plan prices, you should take time to determine just how much is right for you. Almost all hosting plans have bandwidth requirements measured in months, so you need to estimate the amount of bandwidth that will be required by your site on a monthly basis.

If you do not intend to provide file download capability from your site, the formula for calculating bandwidth is fairly straightforward:

Average Daily Visitors x Average Page Views x Average Page Size x 31 x Fudge Factor

If you intend to allow people to download files from your site, your bandwidth calculation should be:

[(Average Daily Visitors x Average Page Views x Average Page Size) + (Average Daily File Downloads x Average File Size)] x 31 x Fudge Factor

Let us examine each item in the formula:

Average Daily Visitors – The number of people you expect to visit your site, on average, each day. Depending upon how you market your site, this number could be from 1 to 1,000,000.

Average Page Views – On average, the number of web pages you expect a person to view. If you have 50 web pages in your web site, an average person may only view 5 of those pages each time they visit.

Average Page Size – The average size of your web pages, in Kilobytes (KB). If you have already designed your site, you can calculate this directly.

Average Daily File Downloads – The number of downloads you expect to occur on your site. This is a function of the numbers of visitors and how many times a visitor downloads a file, on average, each day.

Average File Size – Average file size of files that are downloadable from your site. Similar to your web pages, if you already know which files can be downloaded, you can calculate this directly.

Fudge Factor – A number greater than 1. Using 1.5 would be safe, which assumes that your estimate is off by 50%. However, if you were very unsure, you could use 2 or 3 to ensure that your bandwidth requirements are more than met.

Usually, hosting plans offer bandwidth in terms of Gigabytes (GB) per month. This is why our formula takes daily averages and multiplies them by 31.

Most personal or small business sites will not need more than 1GB of bandwidth per month. If you have a web site that is composed of static web pages and you expect little traffic to your site on a daily basis, go with a low bandwidth plan. If you go over the amount of bandwidth allocated in your plan, your hosting company could charge you over usage fees, so if you think the traffic to your site will be significant, you may want to go through the calculations above to estimate the amount of bandwidth required in a hosting plan.

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Bee’s Knees!

Since defragging the disk won’t do much to improve Windows XP performance, here are 23 suggestions that will. Each can enhance the performance and reliability of your customers’ PCs. Best of all, most of them will cost you nothing.

1.) To decrease a system’s boot time and increase system performance, use the money you save by not buying defragmentation software — the built-in Windows defragmenter works just fine — and instead equip the computer with an Ultra-133 or Serial ATA hard drive with 8-MB cache buffer.

2.) If a PC has less than 512 MB of RAM, add more memory. This is a relatively inexpensive and easy upgrade that can dramatically improve system performance.

3.) Ensure that Windows XP is utilizing the NTFS file system. If you’re not sure, here’s how to check: First, double-click the My Computer icon, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Next, examine the File System type; if it says FAT32, then back-up any important data. Next, click Start, click Run, type CMD, and then click OK. At the prompt, type CONVERT C: /FS:NTFS and press the Enter key. This process may take a while; it’s important that the computer be uninterrupted and virus-free. The file system used by the bootable drive will be either FAT32 or NTFS. I highly recommend NTFS for its superior security, reliability, and efficiency with larger disk drives.

4.) Disable file indexing. The indexing service extracts information from documents and other files on the hard drive and creates a “searchable keyword index.” As you can imagine, this process can be quite taxing on any system.

The idea is that the user can search for a word, phrase, or property inside a document, should they have hundreds or thousands of documents and not know the file name of the document they want. Windows XP’s built-in search functionality can still perform these kinds of searches without the Indexing service. It just takes longer. The OS has to open each file at the time of the request to help find what the user is looking for.

Most people never need this feature of search. Those who do are typically in a large corporate environment where thousands of documents are located on at least one server. But if you’re a typical system builder, most of your clients are small and medium businesses. And if your clients have no need for this search feature, I recommend disabling it.

Here’s how: First, double-click the My Computer icon. Next, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Uncheck “Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching.” Next, apply changes to “C: subfolders and files,” and click OK. If a warning or error message appears (such as “Access is denied”), click the Ignore All button.

5.) Update the PC’s video and motherboard chipset drivers. Also, update and configure the BIOS. For more information on how to configure your BIOS properly, see this article on my site.

6.) Empty the Windows Prefetch folder every three months or so. Windows XP can “prefetch” portions of data and applications that are used frequently. This makes processes appear to load faster when called upon by the user. That’s fine. But over time, the prefetch folder may become overloaded with references to files and applications no longer in use. When that happens, Windows XP is wasting time, and slowing system performance, by pre-loading them. Nothing critical is in this folder, and the entire contents are safe to delete.

7.) Once a month, run a disk cleanup. Here’s how: Double-click the My Computer icon. Then right-click on the C: drive and select Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button — it’s just to the right of the Capacity pie graph — and delete all temporary files.

8.) In your Device Manager, double-click on the IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers device, and ensure that DMA is enabled for each drive you have connected to the Primary and Secondary controller. Do this by double-clicking on Primary IDE Channel. Then click the Advanced Settings tab. Ensure the Transfer Mode is set to “DMA if available” for both Device 0 and Device 1. Then repeat this process with the Secondary IDE Channel.

9.) Upgrade the cabling. As hard-drive technology improves, the cabling requirements to achieve these performance boosts have become more stringent. Be sure to use 80-wire Ultra-133 cables on all of your IDE devices with the connectors properly assigned to the matching Master/Slave/Motherboard sockets. A single device must be at the end of the cable; connecting a single drive to the middle connector on a ribbon cable will cause signaling problems. With Ultra DMA hard drives, these signaling problems will prevent the drive from performing at its maximum potential. Also, because these cables inherently support “cable select,” the location of each drive on the cable is important. For these reasons, the cable is designed so drive positioning is explicitly clear.

10.) Remove all spyware from the computer. Use free programs such as AdAware by Lavasoft or SpyBot Search & Destroy. Once these programs are installed, be sure to check for and download any updates before starting your search. Anything either program finds can be safely removed. Any free software that requires spyware to run will no longer function once the spyware portion has been removed; if your customer really wants the program even though it contains spyware, simply reinstall it. For more information on removing Spyware visit this Web Pro News page.

11.) Remove any unnecessary programs and/or items from Windows Startup routine using the MSCONFIG utility. Here’s how: First, click Start, click Run, type MSCONFIG, and click OK. Click the StartUp tab, then uncheck any items you don’t want to start when Windows starts. Unsure what some items are? Visit the WinTasks Process Library. It contains known system processes, applications, as well as spyware references and explanations. Or quickly identify them by searching for the filenames using Google or another Web search engine.

12.) Remove any unnecessary or unused programs from the Add/Remove Programs section of the Control Panel.

13.) Turn off any and all unnecessary animations, and disable active desktop. In fact, for optimal performance, turn off all animations. Windows XP offers many different settings in this area. Here’s how to do it: First click on the System icon in the Control Panel. Next, click on the Advanced tab. Select the Settings button located under Performance. Feel free to play around with the options offered here, as nothing you can change will alter the reliability of the computer — only its responsiveness.

14.) If your customer is an advanced user who is comfortable editing their registry, try some of the performance registry tweaks offered at Tweak XP.

15.) Visit Microsoft’s Windows update site regularly, and download all updates labeled Critical. Download any optional updates at your discretion.

16.) Update the customer’s anti-virus software on a weekly, even daily, basis. Make sure they have only one anti-virus software package installed. Mixing anti-virus software is a sure way to spell disaster for performance and reliability.

17.) Make sure the customer has fewer than 500 type fonts installed on their computer. The more fonts they have, the slower the system will become. While Windows XP handles fonts much more efficiently than did the previous versions of Windows, too many fonts — that is, anything over 500 — will noticeably tax the system.

18.) Do not partition the hard drive. Windows XP’s NTFS file system runs more efficiently on one large partition. The data is no safer on a separate partition, and a reformat is never necessary to reinstall an operating system. The same excuses people offer for using partitions apply to using a folder instead. For example, instead of putting all your data on the D: drive, put it in a folder called “D drive.” You’ll achieve the same organizational benefits that a separate partition offers, but without the degradation in system performance. Also, your free space won’t be limited by the size of the partition; instead, it will be limited by the size of the entire hard drive. This means you won’t need to resize any partitions, ever. That task can be time-consuming and also can result in lost data.

19.) Check the system’s RAM to ensure it is operating properly. I recommend using a free program called MemTest86. The download will make a bootable CD or diskette (your choice), which will run 10 extensive tests on the PC’s memory automatically after you boot to the disk you created. Allow all tests to run until at least three passes of the 10 tests are completed. If the program encounters any errors, turn off and unplug the computer, remove a stick of memory (assuming you have more than one), and run the test again. Remember, bad memory cannot be repaired, but only replaced.

20.) If the PC has a CD or DVD recorder, check the drive manufacturer’s Web site for updated firmware. In some cases you’ll be able to upgrade the recorder to a faster speed. Best of all, it’s free.

21.) Disable unnecessary services. Windows XP loads a lot of services that your customer most likely does not need. To determine which services you can disable for your client, visit the Black Viper site for Windows XP configurations.

22.) If you’re sick of a single Windows Explorer window crashing and then taking the rest of your OS down with it, then follow this tip: open My Computer, click on Tools, then Folder Options. Now click on the View tab. Scroll down to “Launch folder windows in a separate process,” and enable this option. You’ll have to reboot your machine for this option to take effect.

23.) At least once a year, open the computer’s cases and blow out all the dust and debris. While you’re in there, check that all the fans are turning properly. Also inspect the motherboard capacitors for bulging or leaks. For more information on this leaking-capacitor phenomena, you can read numerous articles on my site.

Following any of these suggestions should result in noticeable improvements to the performance and reliability of your customers’ computers. If you still want to defrag a disk, remember that the main benefit will be to make your data more retrievable in the event of a crashed drive.

Related Posts:

http://technologycrest.com/hacking/increase-your-computer-speed/

http://technologycrest.com/tweaks/speed-up-your-computer-performance/

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Bee’s Knees!

The Internet is a computer network made up of thousands of networks worldwide. No one knows exactly how many computers are connected to the Internet. It is certain, however, that these number in the millions.

No one is in charge of the Internet. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating applications on it, but no governing body is in control. The Internet backbone, through which Internet traffic flows, is owned by private companies.

All computers on the Internet communicate with one another using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite, abbreviated to TCP/IP. Computers on the Internet use a client/server architecture. This means that the remote server machine provides files and services to the user’s local client machine. Software can be installed on a client computer to take advantage of the latest access technology.

An Internet user has access to a wide variety of services – electronic mail, file transfer, vast information resources, interest group membership, interactive collaboration, multimedia displays, real-time broadcasting, shopping opportunities, breaking news, and much more.

COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET

WORLD WIDE WEB

The World Wide Web (abbreviated as the Web or WWW) is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. Almost every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the Web. This includes e-mail, FTP, Telnet, and Usenet News. In addition to these, the World Wide Web has its own protocol: HyperText Transfer Protocol, or HTTP. These protocols will be explained later in this document.

The World Wide Web provides a single interface for accessing all these protocols. This creates a convenient and user-friendly environment. It is no longer necessary to be conversant in these protocols within separate, command-level environments. The Web gathers together these protocols into a single system. Because of this feature, and because of the Web’s ability to work with multimedia and advanced programming languages, the Web is the fastest-growing component of the Internet.

The operation of the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval. HyperText is a document containing words that connect to other documents. These words are called links and are selectable by the user. A single hypertext document can contain links to many documents. In the context of the Web, words or graphics may serve as links to other documents, images, video, and sound. Links may or may not follow a logical path, as each connection is programmed by the creator of the source document. Overall, the Web contains a complex virtual web of connections among a vast number of documents, graphics, videos, and sounds.

Producing hypertext for the Web is accomplished by creating documents with a language called HyperText Markup Language, or HTML. With HTML, tags are placed within the text to accomplish document formatting, visual features such as font size, italics and bold, and the creation of hypertext links. Graphics and multimedia may also be incorporated into an HTML document. HTML is an evolving language, with new tags being added as each upgrade of the language is developed and released. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), led by Web founder Tim Berners-Lee, coordinates the efforts of standardizing HTML. The W3C now calls the language XHTML and considers it to be an application of the XML language standard.

The World Wide Web consists of files, called pages or home pages, containing links to documents and resources throughout the Internet.

The Web provides a vast array of experiences including multimedia presentations, real-time collaboration, interactive pages, radio and television broadcasts, and the automatic “push” of information to a client computer. Programming languages such as Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic, Cold Fusion and XML are extending the capabilities of the Web. A growing amount of information on the Web is served dynamically from content stored in databases. The Web is therefore not a fixed entity, but one that is in a constant state of development and flux.

E-MAIL

Electronic mail, or e-mail, allows computer users locally and worldwide to exchange messages. Each user of e-mail has a mailbox address to which messages are sent. Messages sent through e-mail can arrive within a matter of seconds.

A powerful aspect of e-mail is the option to send electronic files to a person’s e-mail address. Non-ASCII files, known as binary files, may be attached to e-mail messages. These files are referred to as MIME attachments.MIME stands for Multimedia Internet Mail Extension, and was developed to help e-mail software handle a variety of file types. For example, a document created in Microsoft Word can be attached to an e-mail message and retrieved by the recipient with the appropriate e-mail program. Many e-mail programs, including Eudora, Netscape Messenger, and Microsoft Outlook, offer the ability to read files written in HTML, which is itself a MIME type.

TELNET

Telnet is a program that allows you to log into computers on the Internet and use online databases, library catalogs, chat services, and more. There are no graphics in Telnet sessions, just text. To Telnet to a computer, you must know its address. This can consist of words (locis.loc.gov) or numbers (140.147.254.3). Some services require you to connect to a specific port on the remote computer. In this case, type the port number after the Internet address. Example: telnet nri.reston.va.us 185.

Telnet is available on the World Wide Web. Probably the most common Web-based resources available through Telnet have been library catalogs, though most catalogs have since migrated to the Web. A link to a Telnet resource may look like any other link, but it will launch a Telnet session to make the connection. A Telnet program must be installed on your local computer and configured to your Web browser in order to work.

With the increasing popularity of the Web, Telnet has become less frequently used as a means of access to information on the Internet.

FTP

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. This is both a program and the method used to transfer files between computers. Anonymous FTP is an option that allows users to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the Internet to their personal computer account. FTP sites contain books, articles, software, games, images, sounds, multimedia, course work, data sets, and more.

If your computer is directly connected to the Internet via an Ethernet cable, you can use one of several PC software programs, such as WS_FTP for Windows, to conduct a file transfer.

FTP transfers can be performed on the World Wide Web without the need for special software. In this case, the Web browser will suffice. Whenever you download software from a Web site to your local machine, you are using FTP. You can also retrieve FTP files via search engines such as FtpFind, located at /http://www.ftpfind.com/. This option is easiest because you do not need to know FTP program commands.

E-MAIL DISCUSSION GROUPS

One of the benefits of the Internet is the opportunity it offers to people worldwide to communicate via e-mail. The Internet is home to a large community of individuals who carry out active discussions organized around topic-oriented forums distributed by e-mail. These are administered by software programs. Probably the most common program is the (click here) listserv.

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Bee’s Knees!